现在完成进行时一般过去时
时态公式?
时态公式?
时态没有公式,具体内容如下。
在语法里,时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式,通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。
时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。
时态公式?
八大时态公式如下:一般现在时is/am/are done;现在进行时is/am/are being done;一般将来时will/shall be done;现在完成时have/has been done;一般过去时was/were done;过去进行时was/were doing done;过去将来时would be done;过去完成时had been done。
时态公式?
英语的时态公式:
一、一般现在时
1、 肯定句:主语 动词原形(-s,-es) 其他。
2、 否定句:主语 don’t/doesn’t 动词原形 其他。
3、 一般句:Do/Does 主语 动词原形 其他?
二、一般过去时
1、 肯定句:主语 动词-ed 其他。
2、 否定句:主语 didn’t 动词原形 其他。
3、 一般句:Did 主语 动词原形 其他?

三、现在进行时
1、肯定句:主语 am/is/are 动词-ing 其他。
2、否定句 主语 am/is/are not 动词-ing 其他。
3、一般句:Am/Is/Are 动词-ing 其他?
四、过去进行时
1、 肯定句:主语 was/were 动词-ing 其他。
2、 否定句:主语 was/were not 动词-ing 其他
3、 一般句:Was/Were 主语 动词-ing 其他?
过去完成时的用法提醒:
过去完成时主要表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前的动作、状态,有时也表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间结束。如:
When I turned around, the boy had disappeared. 我一转身男孩就不见了。
He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。
注:某些表示“想法”的动词(如intend / think / plan / expect / hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望或打算。如:
He had hoped to find a job soon. 他本来希望很快找到工作。
I had intended to come to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. 我原打算昨晚来看你,但有人来访,我拖不开身。
若意思明确,以上过去完成时有时可用一般过去时代替。

另外,在hardly / scarcely…when…和no sooner…than 这类固定结构中,主句时态总是要用过去完成时。如:
We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就下起一阵雷暴。
Hardly were the words uttered than he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。
过去进行时用法一得:
有这样一道题:
I don’t think Jim saw me he __________ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
【分析】此题应选B。主要考查动词过去进行时的基本用法(即动作在过去某一时刻正在进行)。此题的上文设置比较巧妙:前面的主句用了I don’t think(指现在的看法),而其后的宾语从句用的是saw(指过去的动作),也就是说此题的语境是:现在谈论过去的情况,全句意为:我认为吉姆当时没看见我,(因为)他当时正在朝天空看。
1. My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell was riding B. fell were riding
C. had fallen rode D. had fallen was riding
2. Tom ________ into the house when no one __________.
A. slipped was looking B. had slipped looked
C. slipped had looked D. was slipped looked
3. As she ________ the newspaper,Granny _________ asleep.
A. read was falling B. was reading fell
C. was reading was fallling D. read fell
4. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _________ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
5. While I ________ a shower,the telephone rang.
A. took B. had taken
C. had been taking D. was taking
答案:1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
现在完成时还是过去完成时:
下面这题该用现在完成时还是过去完成时:
I met Jim last week. We __________ each other for about twenty years since we left Japan.
A. didn’t meet B. don’t meet C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
【分析】此题应选D。不少考生会误选C,因为这句当中有一个由since引导的时间状语从句。确实,在与since状语从句连用的主句中,时态通常是用现在完成时:
He has lived here since he came here. 自从他来到这里,他就一直住在这儿。
We haven’t heard from her since she left. 自从她离开后,我们就一直未收到她的来信。
I have been at his bedside ever since he became ill. 自从他生病以来,我一直守在他床边。
以上各例之所以用了现在完成时,是因为since表示“自从……以来,一直……”,这刚好与现在完成时的持续性用法一致。但是这种用法不是绝对的,有时在特定的语言环境下也可能有例外。试比较:
1. We haven’t met each other for about 20 years since we left Japan.
2. I met Jim last week. We hadn’t met each other
for about twenty years since we left Japan.
第1句用现在完成时,这大家比较好理解。但是第2句用过去完成时,有的考生就感到费解了。其实第2句用过去完成时的主要原因是I met Jim last week. 既然“我上个星期见到了吉姆”,所以“30 年未见面”显然应在“上星期”这一过去时间之前(即“过去的过去”),所以要用过去完成时。